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Household crowding, social mixing patterns and respiratory symptoms in seven countries of the African meningitis belt.

Ferraro, Claire F Trotter, Caroline L Nascimento, Maria C Jusot, Jean-François Omotara, Babatunji A Hodgson, Abraham Ali, Oumer Alavo, Serge Sow, Samba Daugla, Doumagoum Moto ...

Published in PloS one

There are substantial variations in household crowding and social mixing patterns across the African meningitis belt. This study finds a clear association between age, increased social mixing and respiratory symptoms. It lays the foundation for designing and implementing more detailed studies of social contact patterns in this region.

Molecular signatures of quiescent, mobilized and leukemia-initiating hematopoietic stem cells.

Forsberg, E Camilla Passegué, Emmanuelle Prohaska, Susan S Wagers, Amy J Koeva, Martina Stuart, Joshua M Weissman, Irving L

Published in PloS one

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are rare, multipotent cells capable of generating all specialized cells of the blood system. Appropriate regulation of HSC quiescence is thought to be crucial to maintain their lifelong function; however, the molecular pathways controlling stem cell quiescence remain poorly characterized. Likewise, the molecular event...

Gene isoform specificity through enhancer-associated antisense transcription.

Onodera, Courtney S Underwood, Jason G Katzman, Sol Jacobs, Frank Greenberg, David Salama, Sofie R Haussler, David

Published in PloS one

Enhancers and antisense RNAs play key roles in transcriptional regulation through differing mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated that enhancers are often associated with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), yet the functional role of these enhancer:ncRNA associations is unclear. Using RNA-Sequencing to interrogate the transcriptomes of undifferentiate...

29 mammalian genomes reveal novel exaptations of mobile elements for likely regulatory functions in the human genome.

Lowe, Craig B Haussler, David

Published in PloS one

Recent research supports the view that changes in gene regulation, as opposed to changes in the genes themselves, play a significant role in morphological evolution. Gene regulation is largely dependent on transcription factor binding sites. Researchers are now able to use the available 29 mammalian genomes to measure selective constraint at the le...

Methods for identifying Neisseria meningitidis carriers: a multi-center study in the African meningitis belt.

Basta, Nicole E Stuart, James M Nascimento, Maria C Manigart, Olivier Trotter, Caroline Hassan-King, Musa Chandramohan, Daniel Sow, Samba O Berthe, Abdoulaye Bedru, Ahmed ...

Published in PloS one

Detection of meningococcal carriers is key to understanding the epidemiology of Neisseria meningitidis, yet no gold standard has been established. Here, we directly compare two methods for collecting pharyngeal swabs to identify meningococcal carriers. We conducted cross-sectional surveys of schoolchildren at multiple sites in Africa to compare swa...

A Seroepidemiological Study of Serogroup A Meningococcal Infection in the African Meningitis Belt.

Manigart, Olivier Trotter, Caroline Findlow, Helen Assefa, Abraham Mihret, Wude Moti Demisse, Tesfaye Yeshitela, Biruk Osei, Isaac Hodgson, Abraham Quaye, Stephen Laryea ...

Published in PloS one

The pattern of epidemic meningococcal disease in the African meningitis belt may be influenced by the background level of population immunity but this has been measured infrequently. A standardised enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring meningococcal serogroup A IgG antibodies was established at five centres within the meningitis b...

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